Large one a bit big for Hepialidae, the root-feeding caterpillars. Hepialidae bore surface holes to eclose from the pupa as moths so that they can fly away, but leave the empty pupal case sticking out of the hole. The smaller holes could be old Hepialidae exit holes where the exuvia has been swept away. I think the holes are more likely excavated by small mammals seeking underground invertebrates.
TY donehe. Yeah I didn't find any of the cases. The bigger hole looked recently active by something. they all went straight down at an angle. So probably done by something else. It was odd them almost being in a line. Might have been manmade too!
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